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Rabu, 25 Mei 2011

Latihan Soal Ujian Akhir Sekolah 2011


CHOOSE EITHER A, B, C  OR D FOR THE CORRECT ANSWER!

Questions 1 up to 8 are based on the reading text 1.
Reading Text 1
OCTOPUS
The octopus is a sea animal with eight powerful feet which it uses as hands. These are called tentacles. The word “Octopus” comes from two greet words that mean “eight feet”.
The octopus, the squid and the cuttlefish belong to the same family that has no outside shells. Their bodies are covered entirely with skin. Therefore the body of an octopus is soft. It looks like a big balloon. A-fuly-grown octopus can Be as large as 8,5 metres from the tip of one tentacles to the tip of another. It can weigh as much as 45 kilograms.
Beside using its tentacles to catch small fish, sea pants, crab and lobster, the octopus also uses them againts its enemies. The octopus wrap its tentacles around the victim and squeezes it before eating it.
The octopus escapes from its enemies by giving giving out a thick dark fluid to darken the water. It can also change the colour of its body to match its surrounding. It hides from its enemies by doing this.

1.       Which group of sea creatures belongs to the same family.................
a.       fish, octopus and crab                    c.   Crab, cuttlefish and squid
b.      squid, crab and octopus                                d.   Cuttlefish, octopus and squid
2.       how much a fully-grown octous can weight ?
a.       35 kilograms                       b.   40 kilograms                c.   45 kilograms                 d.   55 kilograms
3.       How does the octopus hunt for food ?
a.       It uses colors              b.   It uses its teeth          c.   It uses magic colors          d.   It uses its tentacles
4.       Before the octopus eats its victim it ...............
a.       Changes the colours of its body                                 c.   Plays with
b.      Realises a thich dark fluid                                             d.   Squeezes it
5.       How large a fully-grown octopus can be from the tip of one tentacles to the tip of another ?
a.       6,5 metres                          b.   7,5 metres                   c.   8,5 metres                    d.   9,5 metres
6.       What does the word “octopus” mean in Greek ?
a.       Monster                              b.   Fish                                 c.   Dark water                   d.   Eight feet
7.       The word “them” in paragraph 3 refers to the octopus’s ............................
a.       Teeth                                    b.   Enemies                        c.   Tentacles                      d.   Lobster
8.       What does the octopus do t escapes from its enemy?
a.       It runs        b.   It gives out thick dark fluid to darken the water          c.   It swims         d.   Was read
9.       Putri .................... a book
a.       Read                      b.   Reads                          c.   Is read                             d.   Was read
10.   The birds ................... into the sky
a.       Fly                          b.   Flies                             c.   Is fly                               d.   Was read
11.   Anita and Rasma ................... the same pen.
a.       Has                         b.   Have                               c.   Are having                    d.   Is having
12.   She ................. at me
a.       Smiles                   b.   Smile                              c.   Is smile                           d.   smiling
13.   The cat ............................all the plates on the table.
a.       Break                    b.   Breaks                           c.   Breaking                        d.   Are break
14.   Agus does not ............ to sing
a.       Like                        b.   Likes                               c.   To like                             d. Is like
15.   The are Japanese. They ................speak Spanish well
a.       Do                          b.   Does                               c.   Do not                            d.   Does not

 Questions 16 up to 20 are based on the reading text 2.
Reading Text 2
On the Beach
Amir and Bima are SMP students. They live in Bandung. Bandung and its surrounding are mountainous and hilly areas. They are usually go to the beach during the holidays, they an choose one from many beauiful beaches in Indonesia.  Some of the beaches on Java Island are Pantai Carita, the beaches in Pelabuhan Ratu, Pangandaran, Ancol, Parangtritis, while Sanur and Kuta are in Bali.

16.   What are Amir and Bima ?
a.       teachers                              b.   customers                c.   SMP students             d.   SMA students
17.   Amir and Bima live in .......
a.       Bandung                              b.   Jakarta                               c.   Padang                      d.   Bali
18.   Where do they usually go during the holidays?
a.       the sea                                 b.   the mountain                      c.   the beach                    d.   the valley
19.   These are beaches on Java Islan, except ..................
a.       Pantai Carita                       b.   Pangandaran                    c.   Kuta                             d.   Ancol
20.   Kuta beach is located in ..................
a.       Bandung                              b.   Jakarta                                c.   Aceh                         d.   Bali
21.   Rika                                : can you help me to get some food?
Santi                              : yes, of course.
The underlined words is an expression of ............................
a.       request                                     b.   permission                  c.   agreement                   d.   invitation
22.   Rani                               : what’s your opinions of the disasters, that keep happening in our country?
Anti                                : .............................
a.       The room look very comfortable                               c.   The cat is very cute
b.      Well, i must say that i feel so sad                               d.   I think i have headache
23.   Lucy is 15 years old. Faisal is 16 years old. It means Lucy is ........... than Faisal
a.       taller                      b.   shorter                          c.   older                               d.   younger
24.   There is ............... big garden in my city.
a.       an                           b.   a                                       c.   the                                   d.   and
25.   .................... is your school?
a.       What                     b.   When                             c.   Where                            d.   whom

Read the dialogue and choose the right answers for the number 26 up to 28!
Tomi              : where are you going to spend your holiday?
Tuti                : in Batu, near Malang East Java.
Tomi              : why are you going to spend the holiday there?
Tuti               : it is not as crowded as Jakarta and Surabaya. The weather is rather cold at night.
Tomi              : do you like quiet place?
Tuti                : yes, i do
Tomi              : so do i.
26.   Where is Tuti goingto spend the holiday ?
a.       In Jakarta                             b.   In Surabaya                 c.   In Samarinda                     d.   In Batu
27.   Tuti is going to spend the hoiday there because she like ?
a.       interesting places            b.   quiet places                        c.   crowded places          d.   isolated areas
28.   Is Jakarta crowded?
a.       perhaps                               b.  maybe                             c.   no, it is not                   d.   yes, it is

Decide the right tense whether it is past tense or past continuous tense for the number 29 up to 36 !
29.   I am sitting in class rightnow. I ............in class at this exact same time yesterday.
a.       sat                          b.   sit                                    c.   was sitting                    d.   were sat
30.   I didn’t want to go to the zoo yesterday because it ........................
a.       was raining         b.   were raining                c.   rain                                  d.   rains
31.   I ..................Roger at nine last night.
a.       am calling            b.   was calling                    c.   calss                                                d.   called
32.   I didn’t hear the thunder during the storm last night because I.....................................
a.       sleep                     b.   was sleeping               c.   sleeps                             d.   had sleep
33.   It was a beautiful day when we ............... for a walk i the park yesterday.
a.       go                           b.  went                               c.   goes                                              d.   going
34.   I really enjoyed my vocation last January. While it ....................in Iowa, the sun was shining in Florida.
a.       is snow                 b.   was snowing                               c.   is snowing                     d.   Snows
 35.   My brother and sister were arguing about something when I ......................into the room.
a.       was walking        b.   is walking                      c.   walked                           d.   walks
36.   My stomach does not feel good. I .............. spicy food this morning.
a.       ate                         b.   eat                                  c.   eating                       d.   was eating
37.   Hendri          : what do you think of Bali island?
Aldi                                : I think Bali is the most wonderful island in this world.
The italicised words is an expression of ...........................
a.       request                b.   giving opinion                             c.   invitation                d.   asking opinion
38.   Lisa is 150 cm high, Ami is 170 cm high. It means Lisa is ..................than Ami
a.       taller                      b.   younger                        c.   older                               d.   shorter
39.   Abdul            : ......................another cup of tea, please?
Waitress      : yes, of course.
a.       do you think                       b.   would you                  c.   can you                  d.   may I have

Questions 40 up to 44 are based on the reading text 3.
Reading Text 3
BOTANICAL GARDEN
I went to a botanical garden. It was large, landscaped park where plants were grown for scientific purposes and for public display. People could stroll down flowers bordered paths or sat on benches and admired the beautiful plants most of the plants were labeled with their popular as well as their scientific names.
In greenhouses, long, low buildings made of glass and artificially heated; the more delicate plants were cultivated. One of the greatest botanical gardens in the world today is the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, England. It is commonly known as Kew Gardens. One of the largest botanical gardens in the United States is the New York Botanical Gardens, Bronx, New York, which contains 13.000 species varieties of plants.

40.   What are botanical gardens? They are large, landscaped parks where ............................... are grown.
a.       trees                     b.   shrubs                           c.   plants                             d.   vegetables
41.   What are botanical gardens used for? All the answers are correct, except ....................
a.       for camping        b.   for scientific research          c.   for scientific purpose          d.   for public display

Rabu, 09 Maret 2011

Tips UN SMP/ SMA

YANG MAU BACA INI
INSYAALLAH LULUS!!!

3 TIPS MENJAWAB SOAL PILIHAN GANDA US/UN
Bulan ini adalah bulan KECEMASAN bagi anak-anak kelas IX ataupun kelas XII, semua pada bertanya dalam hati TEGA’ APA KELA AKU NI, LULUS NDE?. Hal yang wajar jika pertanyaan tersebut timbul, artinya kalian masih sadar akan diri kalian sendiri dan sudah berpikir selangkah lebih maju.

SOAL UJIAN NASIONAL BEISANYA MENGANUT HAL-HAL SEBAGAI BERIKUT:
 Jenis soal-soal UAN adalah pilihan ganda (multiple choices), So, sistem penilaiannya hanya mengalikan jawaban yang benar saja, tanpa pengurangan nilai pada pilihan yang salah; artinya jika KALIAN tidak tahu jawabannya sekalipun TEBAK AJA!
 Jumlah soal UAN biasanya 40 – 50 yang berkomposisi 20% sulit, 50% sedang, dan 30% mudah. Untuk menambah semangat, kalian pasang target minimal 70% jawaban BENAR.

TIPS 1:
KALAU BISA LANGSUNG JAWAB, KALAU TIDAK BISA TINGGAL!
Naskah soal biasanya diberikan lebih dulu sebelum L J K. Ini kesempatan mengintip soal. Kerjakan dulu meski yang lain belum mulai. Baca sekilas, bila mudah, kerjakan! Bila sulit, lewati! Dimana menulis jawabannya? Cukup tandai dengan titik kecil di bagian awal huruf pilihan. Dengan begini kita dapat mencuri start sampai 5-6 soal lho.

TIPS 2:
BILA RAGU, BERI TANDA!
Gunakan taktik no 1 sampai akhir lembar soal. Anda mungkin butuh artikel ini untuk lebih rincinya. Sampai disini kira-kira 75% soal mungkin belum terjawab. Lalu buka lagi lembar pertama, ulangi dari nomor yang belum terjawab. Sekarang ganti strategi, pikirkan jawaban dengan masak. Namun jangan diforsir (terlalu memaksa) untuk soal yang memang sulit, lewati saja dengan beri tanda segitiga (apa saja selain lingkaran agar berbeda dari kebiasaan) pada dua jawaban yang ragu-ragu tadi (misal apakah A atau B).

TIPS 3:
BILA BLANK, TEBAK!
Menebak pun perlu jurus. Dan jurusnya adalah memilih pilihan yang paling sedikit dipilih sebelumnya. Gambarannya, bila pada jawaban lain kita sering memillih A, B, D, dan E… (seandainya jawaban sampai E) maka pilihlah C. Ini akan memberi kita sedikit peluang karena setiap pilihan sedikitnya digunakan pada 10 pertanyaan. Maksudnya 10 soal memiliki jawaban A, 10 yang lain jawabannya B, 10 lainnya C, dan seterusnya. Tapi, bagaimana pun juga, ini adalah perkiraan kasar.

Cara lainnya adalah dengan memilih jawaban yang terdengar akrab, sebab boleh jadi jawaban itu adalah yang pernah kamu baca sebelumnya.

Sedikit mengira-ngira saja, bila kita targetkan ada 20 dengan jawaban benar (nilainya 20x2=40), lalu 20 ragu-ragu (ambillah separuhnya, jadi nilainya 10x2=20), lalu 10 soal tidak bisa sama sekali (anggap saja kebetulan ada 2 jawaban benar maka nilainya 2x2=4), maka totalnya adalah 64. INSYAALLAH LULUS!

JANGAN LUPA BERDOALAH MENURUT KEPERCAYAAN MASING-MASING SEMOGA DIBERIKAN KEMUDAHAN SELAMA MELAKSANAKAN PERTEMPURAN US DAN UN.
SEMOGA TIPS INI BERMANFAAT DAN MEMBAWA KESUKSESAN, AMIIIINNNNN.
WRITTEN BY, MR. WITT

Senin, 14 Februari 2011

Pengayaan UN2011


CAUSATIVES: HAVE & GET

Causative ‘have’ adalah susunan kalimat yang menggunakan kata ‘have’ untuk
menyatakan perbuatan yang dikerjakan orang lain untuk ‘subject’. Jadi kata ‘have’ di
sini berarti meminta, menyuruh, atau memerintah.

Bentuk-bentuk have:
1. have/has (present), sesuaikan dengan subjectnya
2. had (past)

Jenis Causative have:
1. Untuk Object Aktif : Object melakukan pekerjaan
Subject + have + Obj-aktif + Verb1
(Verb1 sering diartikan: me- / ber- )

Contoh:
I have the man clean the room ------ present
(Saya meminta orang itu membersihkan ruangan)
I = Subject
have = have
the man = obj-aktif
clean = Verb1

She has the man clean the room ------ present
(Dia meminta orang itu membersihkan ruangan)

We had the man clean the room yesterday ------ past
(Kami meminta orang itu membersihkan ruangan kemarin)

Perhatikan:
􀂷 Penggunaan have (have/has/had)
􀂷 Object Aktif (the man) --- melakukan pekerjaan
􀂷 Untuk memudahkan penerjemahan, Verb1 setelah object,
    diartikan me- / ber-

2. Untuk Object Pasif : Object dikenai pekerjaan / yang dikerjakan
Subject + have + Obj-pasif + Verb3
(Verb3 sering diartikan: di- / ter- )

Contoh:
I have the room cleaned ------ present
(Saya meminta ruangan itu dibersihkan)
I = Subject
have = have
the room = obj-pasif
cleaned = Verb3

 She has the room cleaned ------ present
(Dia meminta ruangan itu dibersihkan)

She had the room cleaned ------ past
(Dia meminta ruangan itu dibersihkan)

We had the room cleaned yesterday ------ past
(Kami meminta ruangan itu dibersihkan kemarin)

Perhatikan:
􀂷 Penggunaan have (have/has/had)
􀂷 Object pasif (the room) --- dikenai pekerjaan (yaitu dibersihkan)
􀂷 Untuk memudahkan penerjemahan, Verb3 setelah object,
    artikan di- / ter-

Ringkasan:
have + Obj + V1--- aktif (me-/ber-)
have + Obj + V3 --- pasif (di-/ter)

Bandingkan seandainya salah dalam menentukan Verb1 ataukah Verb3
􀂷 I have the room cleaned ------- benar
     (Saya meminta ruangan itu dibersihkan)

􀂷 I have the room clean ------ salah (tidak logis)
    (Saya meminta ruangan itu membersihkan)


Untuk Jenis Causative get, perbedaannya hanya di Object Aktif yaitu menggunakan to-Verb1
1. Object Aktif: Subj + get + Obj-aktif + to-Verb1
I get the man to clean the room.
(Saya meminta orang itu membersihkan ruangan)

2. Object Pasif: Sub + get + Obj-pasif + Verb3
I get the room cleaned
(Saya meminta ruangan itu dibersihkan)

Contoh Soal:
1. It is impossible for me to translate the book; so I had my assistant ______ it.
A. translate
B. to translate
C. translating
D. translated
Pembahasan: so I had my assistant....it (jadi saya meminta asisten saya ..... buku itu). Cara Cepat, yang logis adalah menterjemahkan, berarti aktif, menggunakan Verb1 (translate).
Jawab: A

2. Dani : Your dress looks very nice. Did you make it yourself?
    Mia  : No, ______.
A. I had it make at the tailor
B. the tailor had me make it
C. I had the tailor made it
D.I had it made at the tailor

Pembahasan: Kata it maksudnya adalah your dress. Ingat, dalam causative Verb1
diartikan me-/ber-, Verb3 diartikan di-/ter-. (A) Saya meminta baju itu membuat dipenjahit. (B) Penjahit meminta saya membuat baju itu. (C) Saya meminta penjahit
dibuatkan baju itu. (D) Saya meminta baju itu dibuatkan di penjahit. Maka jawaban yang logis adalah (D).
Jawab: D


  “Have” dan “Have Got”
“Have dan Have Got”

have got / has got” memiliki arti yang sama dengan “have”. Dalam Bahasa
Indonesia sering diartikan: mempunyai, memiliki, mendapatkan, mengalami.

Contoh:
1. I have a new car = I have got a new car (I’ve got a new car)
2. She has a toothache = She has got a toothache (She’s got a toothache)

Kata have got / has got lebih sering dipakai dalam situasi informal, misalkan dalam
percakapan sehari-hari atau dialog di film.

Have dalam kalimat positif, negative dan interogatif:
a. (+) He has a new girlfriend
b. (-) He does not have a new girlfriend
c. (?) Does he have a new girlfriend ?
         Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t.

Have got dalam kalimat positif, negative dan interogatif:
a. (+) He has got a new girlfriend (He’s got a new girlfriend)
b. (-) He has not got a new girlfriend (He hasn’t got a new girlfriend)
c. (?) Has he got a new girlfriend ?
         Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t. (Bukan= yes, he has got / No, he hasn’t got)

Catatan:
Bentuk have got tidak lazim digunakan / diubah ke tenses past (lampau). Untuk
tenses past, gunakan yang bentuk have tanpa got, dengan cara have diubah menjadi
‘had’. (Bukan= have got menjadi had got)

Contoh:
I have a headache (present) ……..> benar
I have got a headache (present) ……..> benar
I had a headache yesterday (past)…….> benar
I had got a headache yesterday (past) ……> salah / tidak lazim digunakan


 “Have to” dan “Have Got to”
“Has to dan Has Got to”

Kata “have got to/ has got to” memiliki arti yang sama dengan “have to” dan
“must”. Dalam Bahasa Indonesia sering diartikan: harus (obligation) atau pasti
(certainty).
Pola :
must / have to / have got to + Verb1

Contoh berarti “harus”:
Saya harus pergi sekarang =
1. I must go now
2. I have to go now
3. I have got to go now / I’ve got to go now

Contoh berarti “pasti”:
Dia pasti bercanda =
1. She must be joking (dia pasti bercanda)
2. She has to be joking
3. She has got to be joking / She’s got to be joking

Must dalam kalimat positive, negative dan interrogative
a. (+) He must learn English seriously
b. (-) He must not learn English seriously
c. (?) Must he learn English seriously?
         Yes, he must / No, he mustn’t.

Have to dalam kalimat positive, negative dan interrogative
a. (+) He has to learn English seriously
b. (-) He does not have to learn English seriously
c. (?) Does he have to learn English seriously?
         Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t.

Have got to dalam kalimat positive, negative dan interrogative
a. (+) He has got to learn English seriously
b. (-) He has not got to learn English seriously
a. (?) Has he got to learn English seriously?
         Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t.


 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
(Kalimat Pengandaian)

Type 1 :
Future-Probable Condition (Kondisi yang mungkin terjadi di masa mendatang)

Pattern : If + Subj + V1, Subj + will +V1/inf
(Klausa-if: simple present, klausa akibat: present future)
Contoh :      If I have much money, I will buy a new car.
If he is here, I will give him money.

Type 2 :
Present – Unreal condition (Kondisi/fakta bertentangan dengan masa kini/ present).

Pattern : If + Subj + V2, Subj + would + V1/inf
(Klausa-if: simple past, klausa akibat: past future)
Contoh:        If I had much money, I would buy a new car.
If he were here, I would give him money.
Pola inversi: were he here, I would give him money.

Type 3 :
Past – unreal condition (Kondisi/fakta bertentangan dengan masa lampau / past).

Pattern : If + Subj + had + V3, Subj + would + have + V3
(Klausa-if: past perfect, klausa akibat: past perfect future)
Contoh :      If I had had much money, I would have bought a new car.
If he had been here, I would have given him money.
Pola inversi: had he been here, I would have given him money

Contoh soal:
1.      They…………..the trip if they had known she was sick.
a. had postponed                   c. will have postponed     
b. would have postponed        d. would postpone
Jawab: b (would have postponed)

2.     Katty ……….. you if she had your phone number.
a. will call                             c. called                          
b. would call                          d. would have called
Jawab: b (would call)

3.     Aisyah     : Will you come to the meeting?
Kirana     : I don’t know. I can’t make up my mind.
  What is the topic we’re going to talk about?
Aisyah     : Water supplies for our village. It’s interesting, isn’t it?
Kirana     : Okay then. I will come if it…….
a. doesn’t rain                       c. didn’t rain                    
b. isn’t raining                      d. hasn’t rained
Jawab: a (doesn’t rain)

4.     Had she found the right buyer, she …… the house.
a. would have sold                  c. will sell                        
b. would sell                          d. sold
Jawab: a (would have sold)

5.     ‘Had the company been fair in giving bonuses, the employees would not have gone strike.’
From the above sentence, we may conclude that……
a. the employees are still going on strike
b. the company gave the employees fair bonuses
c. the employees were not given bonuses at all
d. the employees were very dissatisfied
Jawab: d (the employees were very dissatisfied)

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
(ringkasan agar mudah menghafal)

1. If ______V1(s/es)______, ______ will V1
2. If _________V2 _______, _______ would V1
3. If _______ had V3_____, ________ would have V3

Contoh:
1. If she studies hard, she will pass the exam
2. If she studied hard, she would pass the exam
3. If she had studied hard, she would have passed the exam
(atau pola inversi: Had she studied hard, she would have passed the exam)

Catatan:
modal will, would, would have terkadang diganti dengan modal lain. Misal: can, could, could have, dst.

 
 PASSIVE VOICE
KALIMAT PASIF

1.   Definition (Pengertian)
Kalimat Pasif yaitu kalimat yang ‘subjek-nya’ dikenai pekerjaan. Kalimat ini biasanya kata kerjanya diartikan “di” atau “ter”.

Contoh :        Aktif    : Ahmad cleans the room everyday.
  (Ahmad membersihkan ruangan itu setiap hari)
Pasif : The room is cleaned by Ahmad everyday
  (Ruangan itu dibersihkan Ahmad setiap hari.

2.   Basic pattern (Pola dasar)
Subj + to be + V3
Bentuk to be tergantung pada “Tenses” dan “Subjek”.
To be      : is, am, are ( present )
: was, were ( past )
: being (continuous )
: been ( perfect )
: be ( future / modal )
  Contoh:
Aktif (me/ber) dan Pasif (di/ter)
Aktif : They clean the room everyday
Pasif  : The room is cleaned by them everyday

Aktif : They cleaned the room yesterday
Pasif  : The room was cleaned by them yesterday

Aktif : They are cleaning the room now
Pasif  : The room is being cleaned by them now

Aktif : They have cleaned the room
Pasif  : The room has been cleaned by them

Aktif : They will clean the room tomorrow
Pasif  : The room will be cleaned by them tomorrow

Aktif : They must clean the room
Pasif  : The room must be cleaned by them

Contoh soal :
1.      New products …… in the electronic exhibition in Jakarta Expo Centre a week ago.
a. display                    c. was displaying              
b. displayed                d. were displayed
Jawab: d (were displayed) : dipamerkan

 2.     We cannot swim in the swimming pool now, because it…………….now.
a. cleans            c. is being cleaned         
b. is cleaning     d. has cleaned
Jawab: c (is being cleaned) : sedang dibersihkan

3.     Geologists have explained the cause of earthquakes in terms of a theory…………..as plate tectonics.
a. knows            c. which knows                
b. knowing         d. known
Jawab: d (known) : diperpendek dari “which is known”=known : yang dikenal

4.     A : ‘What time will the delayed plane depart?’
B : ‘They say that it……………..soon.’
a. will announce            c. is to announced           
b. has announced         d. will be announced
Jawab: d (will be announced) : akan diumumkan

5.     A : ‘I’d like to reserve a single room for next week, please.’
B : ‘I’m sorry, Sir. Our hotel ………… until the end of this month.’
a. It is fully booked              c. is fully booked            
b. We booked                       d. booking it fully
Jawab: c (is fully booked) : dipesan (sudah penuh=fully). Kata ‘fully’ (ket. Penegas pada kalimat pasif, diletakkan setelah to be sebelum Verb3)

 
RELATIVE PRONOUNS

kata ganti yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua klausa/kalimat).
Misalnya: that, who, whom, whose, which.

A.  Relative Pronouns Tunggal (satu kata)

Posisi yang digantikan
Orang
Benda (selain orang)

Subject
Who / that (yang)
Which / that
Object
Whom / that (yang)
Which / that
Kepunyaan
Whose (yang …….nya)
Whose

Contoh cara membedakan penggunaan who – whom – whose – which
Who :
The woman who teaches English at the school is my best friend
(Perempuan yang mengajar Bahasa Inggris itu adalah teman baik saya)
Analisa: menggunakan who karena menggantikan the woman (orang). setelah ‘who’ ada verb/predikat (teach)

Whom :
I know the lady whom you love.
(Saya tahu perempuan yang kamu cintai itu)
Analisa: menggunakan whom karena menggantikan the lady (orang), sebagai object, maka setelah ‘whom’ bukan verb (tapi noun: you).

Whose :
We are helping the people whose houses were destroyed in the earthquake last month. (Kami sedang membantu orang-orang yang rumah-nya hancur pada gempa bumi bulan lalu)
Analisa: dari segi arti, ‘whose’ : yang……nya. Titik-titik diartikan dari Noun setelah whose. Jadi whose house dalam konteks ini diartikan: yang rumahnya.

Which:
I want to borrow the book which you bought two weeks ago.
(Saya ingin meminjam buku yang kamu beli dua minggu yang lalu itu)
Analisa: menggunakan which karena menggantikan the book (benda)

Contoh Soal :
1.      The candidates ______ have submitted their application letters will have to come for an interview.
a. who               b. whom                 c. which                 d. whose      
PEMBAHASAN:
Perhatikan, ada kata-kata have submitted (predikat / verb, dalam bentuk have + V3), berarti yang dibutuhkan adalah kata ganti untuk Subject (who).
Pilihan B (whom) untuk object.
Pilihan C (which) untuk menggantikan benda ( padahal ‘candidates’ = calon-calon, adalah orang). D (whose) untuk kepunyaan (yang….nya). Sedangkan E (where), menghubungkan keterangan tempat.
JAWAB: A (who)

2.     This is the best picture of my mother ______ I have ever taken.
a. who      b. whom       c. where       d. which

PEMBAHASAN:
Yang akan diganti dengan relative pronoun adalah ‘picture’ (benda – bukan manusia). Maka relative pronoun yang tepat adalah ‘which’.
JAWAB: d (which)

B.   Relative Pronouns Kombinasi/Gabungan
Misal: Preposisi + Relative Pronoun (to whom, in which, from which, dst)
Jika bertemu dengan soal berpola preposisi + relative pronoun, fokuskan pada noun yang akan digantikan oleh relative pronoun. Kemudian tentukan preposisi apa yang sebenarnya ikut di noun/klausa tersebut.

Perhatikan contoh berikut:
I know the woman. You are talking to her now.
I know the woman to whom you are talking now.
(Saya tahu perempuan yang kepada-nya kamu sedang berbicara sekarang)
Keterangan: her diganti dengan relative pronoun whom

The victims of flood are now housed outside the town. We have collected money for them.
The victims of flood for whom we have collected money are now housed outside
the town.
(Para korban banjir yang untuk merekalah kami mengumpulkan uang, sekarang dirumahkan diluar kota)

Keterangan: perhatikan object ‘them’. Ketika dua kalimat tersebut digabung, them (object manusia) digantikan dengan ‘whom’. Letak preposisi ‘for’, tetap sebelum ‘whom’.


Contoh soal:
1.      The lady ______ this letter is addressed has moved to another city.
a. who      b. to which   c. to whom    d. whom        
Pembahasan:
Kalimat tersebut jika diurai:
The lady has moved to another city. This letter is addressed to her.
Relative pronoun untuk menggantikan her (sebagai object--manusia) adalah
‘whom’. Karena sebelum her ada preposisi (to), maka diletakkan sebelum whom.
JAWAB: C

2.     This is the club ______ he is the president.
a. which   b. whom       c. of whom    d. of which
Pembahasan:
Kalimat tersebut jika diurai:
This is the club. He is the president of it.
Kata ‘it’ merupakan kt ganti object ‘the club’ (benda – bukan manusia), maka
relative pronoun-nya “which”. Pilihan jawaban yang ada ‘whom’, pasti salah,
karena ‘whom’ untuk object manusia.
Dari dua kalimat di atas kemudian digabung menjadi:
This is the club of which he is the president.
JAWAB: d